Hydraulic & Pneumatic Systems
Hydraulic cylinders, accumulators, pump types, pneumatic regulators, FRL units, mechanical seals, and system troubleshooting.
- Identify hydraulic cylinder types and system components
- Explain accumulator function and safety requirements
- Maintain pneumatic FRL units and regulators
- Install and maintain mechanical seals and valve packing
Lección 1
Hydraulic Cylinders & System Components
Hydraulic System Basics
Hydraulic systems use pressurized fluid (typically petroleum-based oil) to transmit force and motion. Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
Hydraulic Cylinders
The function of a hydraulic cylinder is to convert hydraulic pressure to linear force. Cylinder types include:
- Single-acting - hydraulic pressure extends the cylinder; gravity or a spring retracts it
- Double-acting - hydraulic pressure both extends and retracts the cylinder
- Telescoping - multiple stages for long stroke in a short retracted length
Causes of Hydraulic System Overheating
Hydraulic systems can overheat when the relief valve is bypassing, restrictions exist in the circuit, or oil level is low. Overheating degrades oil, damages seals, and reduces system efficiency. Monitor oil temperature and address overheating immediately.
A hydraulic cylinder converts hydraulic pressure to linear force. Double-acting cylinders are most common in industrial applications. System overheating is caused by relief valve bypassing, restrictions, or low oil.