CNC Machine Programming & Operations
G-codes, M-codes, cutter compensation, work offsets, canned cycles, CNC operation modes, multi-axis machining, 5-axis toolpath generation, and robotic cell troubleshooting aligned to the 2026 RSOS framework.
- Interpret fundamental G-codes including G00, G01, G02, and G03
- Identify M-codes for spindle, coolant, and program control
- Explain absolute vs incremental programming and work offsets
- Describe cutter radius compensation and tool length offsets
- Use canned cycles and understand CNC machine operation modes
- Explain multi-axis CNC coordinate systems including A, B, and C rotary axes
- Describe 5-axis simultaneous toolpath generation and tilt-angle programming
- Diagnose common robotic cell faults including joint limits, collision zones, and TCP errors
Lesson 1
G-Code Fundamentals - G00, G01, G02, G03
G-Codes Overview
G-codes (preparatory codes) tell the CNC machine how to move and what mode to operate in. They control motion type, coordinate system, canned cycles, and machining modes.
Motion G-Codes
- G00 (Rapid Traverse) - moves the tool to a position at maximum machine speed. Used for positioning moves, not cutting. The tool moves in a straight line but at rapid speed - never use G00 when the tool could contact the workpiece
- G01 (Linear Feed) - moves the tool in a straight line at a programmed feed rate (F-word). Used for all straight-line cutting operations (facing, turning, milling)
- G02 (Clockwise Arc) - cuts a circular arc in the clockwise direction. Requires center coordinates (I, J, K) or radius (R)
- G03 (Counterclockwise Arc) - cuts a circular arc in the counterclockwise direction
G00 Safety
Never use G00 to move toward the workpiece. G00 moves at maximum machine speed with no feed rate control. If the tool contacts the workpiece during a rapid move, it will crash, breaking the tool and potentially damaging the machine and workpiece.
G00 is rapid positioning (no cutting). G01 is linear cutting at a controlled feed rate. G02 is clockwise arc, G03 is counterclockwise arc. Never use G00 when the tool may contact the workpiece.